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Alien Hunters 'should Look for Artificial Intelligence
A senior astronomer has said that the hunt for alien life should take into account alien "sentient machines".
Seti, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, has until now sought radio signals from worlds like Earth.
But Seti astronomer Seth Shostak argues that the time between aliens developing radio technology and artificial intelligence (AI) would be short.
Writing in Acta Astronautica, he says that the odds favour detecting such alien AI rather than "biological" life.
Many involved in Seti have long argued that nature may have solved the problem of life using different designs or chemicals, suggesting extraterrestrials would not only not look like us, but that they would not at a biological level even work like us.
However, Seti searchers have mostly still worked under the assumption - as a starting point for a search of the entire cosmos - that ETs would be "alive" in the sense that we know.
That has led to a hunt for life that is bound to follow at least some rules of biochemistry, live for a finite period of time, procreate, and above all be subject to the processes of evolution.
But Dr Shostak makes the point that while evolution can take a large amount of time to develop beings capable of communicating beyond their own planet, technology would already be advancing fast enough to eclipse the species that wrought it.
"If you look at the timescales for the development of technology, at some point you invent radio and then you go on the air and then we have a chance of finding you," he told BBC News.
"But within a few hundred years of inventing radio - at least if we're any example - you invent thinking machines; we're probably going to do that in this century.
"So you've invented your successors and only for a few hundred years are you... a 'biological' intelligence."
From a probability point of view, if such thinking machines ever evolved, we would be more likely to spot signals from them than from the "biological" life that invented them.
'Moving target' John Elliott, a Seti research veteran based at Leeds Metropolitan University, UK, says that Dr Shostak is putting on a firmer footing a feeling that is not uncommon in the Seti community.
"You have to start somewhere, and there's nothing wrong with that," Dr Elliott told BBC News.
"But having now looked for signals for 50 years, Seti is going through a process of realising the way our technology is advancing is probably a good indicator of how other civilisations - if they're out there - would've progressed.
"Certainly what we're looking at out there is an evolutionary moving target."
Both Dr Shostak and Dr Elliott concede that finding and decoding any eventual message from such alien thinking machines may prove more difficult than in the "biological" case, but the idea does provide new directions to look.
Dr Shostak says that artificially intelligent alien life would be likely to migrate to places where both matter and energy - the only things he says would be of interest to the machines - would be in plentiful supply. That means the Seti hunt may need to focus its attentions near hot, young stars or even near the centres of galaxies.
"I think we could spend at least a few percent of our time... looking in the directions that are maybe not the most attractive in terms of biological intelligence but maybe where sentient machines are hanging out."
Seti, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, has until now sought radio signals from worlds like Earth.
But Seti astronomer Seth Shostak argues that the time between aliens developing radio technology and artificial intelligence (AI) would be short.
Writing in Acta Astronautica, he says that the odds favour detecting such alien AI rather than "biological" life.
Many involved in Seti have long argued that nature may have solved the problem of life using different designs or chemicals, suggesting extraterrestrials would not only not look like us, but that they would not at a biological level even work like us.
However, Seti searchers have mostly still worked under the assumption - as a starting point for a search of the entire cosmos - that ETs would be "alive" in the sense that we know.
That has led to a hunt for life that is bound to follow at least some rules of biochemistry, live for a finite period of time, procreate, and above all be subject to the processes of evolution.
But Dr Shostak makes the point that while evolution can take a large amount of time to develop beings capable of communicating beyond their own planet, technology would already be advancing fast enough to eclipse the species that wrought it.
"If you look at the timescales for the development of technology, at some point you invent radio and then you go on the air and then we have a chance of finding you," he told BBC News.
"But within a few hundred years of inventing radio - at least if we're any example - you invent thinking machines; we're probably going to do that in this century.
"So you've invented your successors and only for a few hundred years are you... a 'biological' intelligence."
From a probability point of view, if such thinking machines ever evolved, we would be more likely to spot signals from them than from the "biological" life that invented them.
'Moving target' John Elliott, a Seti research veteran based at Leeds Metropolitan University, UK, says that Dr Shostak is putting on a firmer footing a feeling that is not uncommon in the Seti community.
"You have to start somewhere, and there's nothing wrong with that," Dr Elliott told BBC News.
"But having now looked for signals for 50 years, Seti is going through a process of realising the way our technology is advancing is probably a good indicator of how other civilisations - if they're out there - would've progressed.
"Certainly what we're looking at out there is an evolutionary moving target."
Both Dr Shostak and Dr Elliott concede that finding and decoding any eventual message from such alien thinking machines may prove more difficult than in the "biological" case, but the idea does provide new directions to look.
Dr Shostak says that artificially intelligent alien life would be likely to migrate to places where both matter and energy - the only things he says would be of interest to the machines - would be in plentiful supply. That means the Seti hunt may need to focus its attentions near hot, young stars or even near the centres of galaxies.
"I think we could spend at least a few percent of our time... looking in the directions that are maybe not the most attractive in terms of biological intelligence but maybe where sentient machines are hanging out."
Serie A 2010/2011 Calendar
The top tier of Italian football is known as Serie A. A league system did not start until 1929. Until that time there were annual cup competitions which evolved into regional leagues culminating in a national championship playoff. The official name of the league includes the title sponsor TIM, an Italian mobile phone company.
The league title in Serie A is often referred to as winning the scudetto. The reason for this is that the league champion earns the right to wear a small shield (a scudetto) on their jerseys the following season.
Serie-A Italy 2010/2011 will begin. Some notable games: Roma-Inter will take place on September 26th at the Olimpico in the 5th round. The following week, Inter host Juve at the San Siro on October 3rd. Milan-Juve will take place in the 9th round on October 31st. December 19th brings about a great day of action: Milan-Roma, Fiorentina-Inter, and Sampdoria-Genoa derby.
Speaking of derbies, the first one of the season will be Lazio-Roma on November 7th, and then two weeks later on November 14th will be Inter-Milan. Sampdoria-Genoa will be on December 19th as I said above, and the Puglia derby of Lecce-Bari is back in Serie A for the first time since 2001 and will take place on January 6th.
My favorite team is Juventus. Juventus start the season with a new manager in the shape of Luigi Delneri after Alberto Zaccheroni left the club at the end of his contract. Delneri signed from Sampdoria where he had an impressive win ratio, winning 50% of the thirty-eight matches he managed them for and Juventus could do with him pulling another season like that out for them this year. However, the problem with Juventus is that, while they have a highly experienced squad, the majority of their star players are on the wrong side of thirty. As a result of this, they may tire need the end of the season, but I expect them to do better than their seventh place finish with Delneri in charge for this campaign.
If you want to see serie-A Italy league calendar, you can go to this link.
The league title in Serie A is often referred to as winning the scudetto. The reason for this is that the league champion earns the right to wear a small shield (a scudetto) on their jerseys the following season.
Serie-A Italy 2010/2011 will begin. Some notable games: Roma-Inter will take place on September 26th at the Olimpico in the 5th round. The following week, Inter host Juve at the San Siro on October 3rd. Milan-Juve will take place in the 9th round on October 31st. December 19th brings about a great day of action: Milan-Roma, Fiorentina-Inter, and Sampdoria-Genoa derby.
Speaking of derbies, the first one of the season will be Lazio-Roma on November 7th, and then two weeks later on November 14th will be Inter-Milan. Sampdoria-Genoa will be on December 19th as I said above, and the Puglia derby of Lecce-Bari is back in Serie A for the first time since 2001 and will take place on January 6th.
My favorite team is Juventus. Juventus start the season with a new manager in the shape of Luigi Delneri after Alberto Zaccheroni left the club at the end of his contract. Delneri signed from Sampdoria where he had an impressive win ratio, winning 50% of the thirty-eight matches he managed them for and Juventus could do with him pulling another season like that out for them this year. However, the problem with Juventus is that, while they have a highly experienced squad, the majority of their star players are on the wrong side of thirty. As a result of this, they may tire need the end of the season, but I expect them to do better than their seventh place finish with Delneri in charge for this campaign.
If you want to see serie-A Italy league calendar, you can go to this link.
Game PC : Battlefield Bad Company 2
Battlefield Bad Company 2 is a game of war. It's like Call of Duty. When it comes to these global mass-market products, everyone has a favorite. And when it comes to the latest generation of hard-core first-person combat shooters, I find Bad Company 2, released recently by Electronic Arts for Windows PCs, the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3, more sophisticated, more immersive, a boatload funnier and simply more interesting than Modern Warfare 2.I think that phone ringing is Bobby Kotick, chief executive of Activision Blizzard, publisher of the Call of Duty series, calling to tell me that he’s going to eat my heart for breakfast tomorrow while he enjoys his world-class art collection. O.K., I’m just joking about the threatened ventricle roasting. But those are the sorts of passions involved in the fight between E.A. and Activision for the loyalty (and money) of the serious shooter fans who collectively spend millions of hours every day playing these games.
The Call of Duty franchise, after all, has sold more than 55 million copies and generated around $3 billion in retail sales over the past seven years. The most recent game in the series, Modern Warfare 2, was the biggest commercial hit of 2009 and has already become one of the best-selling games of all time.
John Riccitiello, the chief executive at Electronic Arts, had only one hope of cracking Modern Warfare 2’s stranglehold on today’s shooter fan: the Stockholm game studio E.A. acquired in 2006 that is known as DICE.
As recently as five years ago the Swedish company’s Battlefield series was riding high. If you were a serious online PC shooter fan in the middle of the last decade, you were certainly playing Battlefield games. But then Activision swiped the market. Moving the Call of Duty games from World War II to the modern day made the games more exciting for many players.
The Call of Duty games included a robust offline component, allowing players to progress through a scripted story surrounded by computer-controlled opponents and comrades, while the most popular Battlefield games were essentially built to be played only online against other people. And players of Call of Duty were able to build a persistent online identity, so their virtual soldier would become more capable and deadly over time; earlier Battlefield warriors would almost always begin with the same abilities.
With Bad Company 2, the Battlefield series has now matched or exceeded the Call of Duty series in each of these areas.
First, modernity. Each franchise is actually quite similar in its fictional setting. In both series you play a Western soldier confronting a menace originating from the former Soviet Union.
But Bad Company 2 allows players to use a much broader range of modern military materiel, including tanks, helicopters, Humvees and other vehicles. More important, the virtual environments in Bad Company 2 are much larger and more diverse than those in Modern Warfare 2. Multiplayer battles in Modern Warfare 2 feel like chaotic arenas with people running all over the place looking out for themselves. In Bad Company 2, teamwork and voice communication are essential; the combat environments are more interesting and feel more akin to what I imagine a modern war zone to be.
Yet the biggest leap in Bad Company 2 is in its single-player campaign. It is only six or eight hours long — comparable in length to the main story in Modern Warfare 2 — and while it is not propelled by scripted set pieces as cinematic as those in the competition, Bad Company 2’s narrative glistens. The characters in Bad Company 2 — the redneck, the hippie pilot, the geek, the weathered sergeant — are profane, quirky and usually hilarious. By contrast, the characters in Modern Warfare 2 are somber, even dour. War is obviously serious business, but the characters in Bad Company 2 seem to be having a lot more fun.
And third, DICE has now fine-tuned the persistent role-playing components of the online game, by giving players a panoply of ways to advance their characters and garner recognition from other users around the world.
One final technical note for consumers: Bad Company 2 is a game that needs to be played on a powerful PC, rather than a console, in order to be fully appreciated. I played mostly on a big rig from AMD the chip maker, that was able to produce some of the most beautiful graphics I have seen in a shooter. Perhaps more important, the AMD machine came with an Ati Radeon HD 5870 video card that is able to support three monitors at once.
The experience of playing on three monitors, with the peripheral vision it allows, has simply been a revelation. I will continue enthusiastically to use Intel and Nvidia equipped computers as well, but it may be impossible for me ever to return to a single-monitor setup.
As for the battle of the first-person shooters, let it rage. It is players who are reaping the benefits of this arms race between Activision and Electronic Arts. For now Bad Company 2 is on top.
The spesification
Minimum Frostbite PC Specifications for BFBC2 & BF1943
Processor: Core 2 Duo @ 2.0GHz
Main memory: 2GB
Graphics card: GeForce 7800 GT / ATI X1900
Graphics memory: 256MB
OS: Windows XP
Free HDD space: 15GB for Digital Version, 10GB for Disc Version (BFBC2)
10GB for Digital Version, 4GB for Disc Version (BF1943)
Recommended Frostbite PC Specifications for BFBC2 & BF1943
Processor: Quadcore
Main memory: 2GB
Graphics card: GeForce GTX 260
Graphics memory: 512MB
OS: Windows Vista or Windows 7
Free HDD space: 15GB for Digital Version, 10GB for Disc Version (BFBC2)
10GB for Digital Version, 4GB for Disc Version (BF1943)
If you want to download it, please click this link. The password is www.netkingvn.com and status : online
See you again
Get Money from CloudCrowd
CloudCrowd offers business process outsourcing, helping companies reduce overhead, increase efficiency, and lower costs by breaking large projects into smaller tasks, and distributing them via a proprietary online platform that brings work and workers together.
The company taps into underutilized pools of talent, labor, and creativity to get work done. CloudCrowd offers individuals new ways to make money, achieve recognition, and fit work into their busy schedules
This has been the most amazing program I've seen yet. You complete small tasks but get paid daily. Well you get paid the next day but if you are working everyday it ends up being daily. They pay for things like finding new websites, rewriting website content, and proofreading. They do plan to add more tasks and in all honesty have been bombarded by tons of new workers this week.
I have been paid everyday since I joined and am really impressed with this site. You do need to have a facebook account in order to work since they set it up as a facebook app. So set up a facebook acct before you sign up. I was pay twice(poor, because the job was small). You can see at this image.
If you wan to join CloudCrowd you can click this link, CloudCrowd. Ok, see you next time.
The company taps into underutilized pools of talent, labor, and creativity to get work done. CloudCrowd offers individuals new ways to make money, achieve recognition, and fit work into their busy schedules
This has been the most amazing program I've seen yet. You complete small tasks but get paid daily. Well you get paid the next day but if you are working everyday it ends up being daily. They pay for things like finding new websites, rewriting website content, and proofreading. They do plan to add more tasks and in all honesty have been bombarded by tons of new workers this week.
I have been paid everyday since I joined and am really impressed with this site. You do need to have a facebook account in order to work since they set it up as a facebook app. So set up a facebook acct before you sign up. I was pay twice(poor, because the job was small). You can see at this image.
If you wan to join CloudCrowd you can click this link, CloudCrowd. Ok, see you next time.Neobux
Neobux is a pay-per-click membership site. Advertisers buy clicks to their websites and program members earn a share of the revenue when they visit these websites. There is also a referral system in place so members can build downlines and earn from them.
The Neobux program is one of many of these types of programs on the internet today. The way you make money as a member of this site is very simple. You click on links, visit advertiser websites, stay on them for a certain period of time, and you earn money for it. You refer others to the program, and you earn money when they click on websites too.
The amount of money that you earn from Neobux by clicking on one advertiser link and visiting the site is not much. The pay that you do get depends on your level of membership. There is a free level and a golden level. At the free level, you make $.01 to view a site for a standard period of time, and $.015 for viewing a site for an extended period of time. How long the period of time is depends on what the advertiser pays for. At the golden level the pay for those are $.01 and $.02 respectively. Neobux Golden members also earn more for their referrals’ clicks than free members do. You can actually rent referrals each month from the site if you like, which could possibly increase your earnings.
The Neobux site can be a bit confusing at first. Content is very minimal, so you have to look around the site a bit to figure it all out. Once you join and can enter into your account area, it still looks pretty minimal, but eventually you find out where everything is.
A lot of these types of programs get many complaints, but that doesn't seem to be the case with Neobux. Most reports are that the company does indeed pay, and they pay in a timely manner. Nobody is claiming to get a lot of money from it, but that’s not surprising. Ambitious members could conceivably make some extra spending money each month, which for some is a plus.
Neobux proof of payment can be seen in the image below
And if you want to join it, you can click here or click this banner
The Neobux program is one of many of these types of programs on the internet today. The way you make money as a member of this site is very simple. You click on links, visit advertiser websites, stay on them for a certain period of time, and you earn money for it. You refer others to the program, and you earn money when they click on websites too.
The amount of money that you earn from Neobux by clicking on one advertiser link and visiting the site is not much. The pay that you do get depends on your level of membership. There is a free level and a golden level. At the free level, you make $.01 to view a site for a standard period of time, and $.015 for viewing a site for an extended period of time. How long the period of time is depends on what the advertiser pays for. At the golden level the pay for those are $.01 and $.02 respectively. Neobux Golden members also earn more for their referrals’ clicks than free members do. You can actually rent referrals each month from the site if you like, which could possibly increase your earnings.
The Neobux site can be a bit confusing at first. Content is very minimal, so you have to look around the site a bit to figure it all out. Once you join and can enter into your account area, it still looks pretty minimal, but eventually you find out where everything is.
A lot of these types of programs get many complaints, but that doesn't seem to be the case with Neobux. Most reports are that the company does indeed pay, and they pay in a timely manner. Nobody is claiming to get a lot of money from it, but that’s not surprising. Ambitious members could conceivably make some extra spending money each month, which for some is a plus.
Neobux proof of payment can be seen in the image below
And if you want to join it, you can click here or click this bannerThank and bye.
Convert Microsoft Office 2007 to 2003
As adoption of Microsoft Office 2007 becomes more prevalent, the likelihood that you will receive a document saved in the native Office 2007 format grows. If you and your organization are not quite ready to transition to Office 2007, you will still need to open files from clients, vendors, and partners. The Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats makes it possible for users of Office 2003 applications to open and edit Office 2007 documents.
For friends who are still faithful also with Microsoft Office 2003, certainly will have problems if there is a file from the Microsoft Office 2007. Constraint must have Office 2003 that we have not able to read the type of file from Office 2007 if not converted to file formats that support Office 2003 formats. Forced if you want to exchange data with users of Office 2007 conceded that changing the type of file can be read by users who use Office 2003
Rather than succumb bother better if the users of Office 2003 to install the converter software from Microsoft that Office 2003 can support files from Office 2007. God willing, able to read Office 2003 files from Office 2007. To download it directly to the site can Microsoft here.
See you again.
For friends who are still faithful also with Microsoft Office 2003, certainly will have problems if there is a file from the Microsoft Office 2007. Constraint must have Office 2003 that we have not able to read the type of file from Office 2007 if not converted to file formats that support Office 2003 formats. Forced if you want to exchange data with users of Office 2007 conceded that changing the type of file can be read by users who use Office 2003
Rather than succumb bother better if the users of Office 2003 to install the converter software from Microsoft that Office 2003 can support files from Office 2007. God willing, able to read Office 2003 files from Office 2007. To download it directly to the site can Microsoft here.
See you again.
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